Snow White (ATU Index 709)
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| "The Queen asks the magic mirror," Schneewittchen (1910), Franz Jüttner (German, 1865-1925), Scholz' Künstler-Bilderbücher, Mainz, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
Today's focus is Snow White collected by the Brother's Grimm. Aarne-Thompson-Uther classifies this as Type 709 (Snow White). According to the Thompson Motif, this has sub-types Z65.1. Red as blood, white as snow; D1323.1. Magic clairvoyant mirror; D1311.2. Mirror answers questions; L55. Stepdaughter heroine; M312.4. Prophecy: superb beauty for girl; S322.2. Jealous mother casts daughter forth; K512.2. Compassionate executioner: substituted heart; N831.1. Mysterious housekeeper; F451.5.1.2. Dwarfs adopt girl as sister; D1364.9. Comb causes magic sleep; D1364.16. Hairpin causes magic sleep; D1364.4.1. Apple causes magic sleep; S111.4. Murder with poisoned apple; S111.2. Murder with poisoned lace; F852.1. Glass coffin; E21.1. Resuscitation by removal of poisoned apple; Q414.4. Punishment: dancing to death in red-hot shoes.
You can find the history of the Snow White tale here.
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| "Snow White in the forest," Schneewittchen (1910), Franz Jüttner (German, 1865-1925), Scholz' Künstler-Bilderbücher, Mainz, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
Story Summary (Grimm's version)
A queen sits at her window sewing, longing for a child. She pricks her finger and three drops of blood fall in the snow. She wishes for a child with skin as white as snow, lips as red as blood, and hair the color of ebony. The queen gives birth to a daughter, calls her Snow White, and dies. The king, Snow White's father, eventually remarries a woman who is known as the fairest in all the land. Snow White stepmother has a magic mirror that she consults to make sure she is in fact still the fairest in all the world. When Snow White becomes a young woman, the mirror suddenly tells her stepmother that Snow White is now the fairest in all the world. In a rage, the stepmother calls the huntsman to bring Snow White into the forest, kill her, and bring her the heart and liver as proof that Snow White is dead. The huntsman takes the young woman into the forest, but tells her to run and hide and never come back, then kills a boar and takes its heart and liver back to the evil queen as proof. Snow White runs until she reaches a cottage, she goes inside, eats, drinks, and then falls asleep in a tiny bed. The inhabitants of the cottage, the seven dwarves, come home to find that there is an intruder in their house. Upon hearing Snow White's story, they allow her to stay. The evil queen realizes that Snow White is not dead by consulting her mirror. She disguises herself as an old peddler woman and finds the cottage while the dwarves are off in the mine. She convinces the young woman to let her lace her bodice with one some pretty laces and laces them so tightly that Snow White can't breathe. The dwarves come home and revive Snow White by cutting the laces. The evil queen comes back, this time with a poison comb, which she sticks in Snow White's hair. The dwarves revive her by pulling the comb out of her hair. The third time, the evil queen brings an apple, shows Snow White it's safe to eat by eating the white half, and when Snow White takes a bite out of the red half, she falls over dead. The dwarves can't revive her, put her in a glass coffin, and keep watch over her. Eventually a prince comes by, falls in love with Snow White, and begs the dwarves to let him take her with him. On the way, the prince's servants trip and the piece of apple dislodges from her throat. Snow White wakes up, she marries the prince, and they invite the evil queen to the wedding. At the wedding they make the evil queen dance in glowing hot shoes until she falls over dead.
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| "The dwarfs leave Snow White in charge," Schneewittchen (1910), Franz Jüttner (German, 1865-1925), Scholz' Künstler-Bilderbücher, Mainz, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
Variations
| Albania | Johann Georg von Hahn | Marigo of the Forty Dragons | 1864 |
| Algeria | Hasan M. el-Shamy | More Beautiful Than the Moon | 1999 |
| Belgium (Flanders) | Alfried Harou | Snow White | 1894 |
| Jozef Cornelissen & Jan Baptist Vervliet | 1900 | ||
| Victor de Meyere | Snow White | 1927 | |
| Chile | Yolando Pino Saavedra | Blanca Rosa and the Forty Thieves | 1961 |
| Denmark | Mathias Winther | Snow White | 1823 |
| Evald Tang Kristensen | The Pretty Girl and the Crystal Bowls | 1895 | |
| Germany | Jacob & Wilhelm Grimm | Snow White | 1812 |
| Iraq | Ethel Stefana Drower | Hājir | 1931 |
| Italy | Christian Schneller | The Three Sisters | 1866 |
| Angelo De Gubernatis | The Cruel Stepmother | 1869 | |
| Laura Gonzenbach | Maria, the Wicked Stepmother and the Seven Robbers | 1870 | |
| Maruzzedda | |||
| Beautiful Anna | |||
| Vittorio Imbriani | The Beautiful Innkeeper | 1871 | |
| Carolina Coronedi-Berti | The Tale of the Merchant | 1874 | |
| The Tale of Ziricochel | 1883 | ||
| Giuseppe Pitrè | Child Margarita | 1875 | |
| The Crystal Casket | |||
| The Innkeeper of Paris | 1885 | ||
| Isaia Visentini | The Innkeeper | 1879 | |
| Gennaro Finamore | Lu fatte de la bbèlla Vijènne | 1882 | |
| Antonio De Nino | Bella Venezia | 1883 | |
| Letterio Di Francia | Xiocca d'oru | 1929 | |
| Mexico | Max Leopold Wagner | The Amarilis Mirror | 1927 |
| Stanley L. Robe | The Princess Who Became a Priest | 1970 | |
| Morocco | Jilali el-Koudia | The Jealous Mother | 2003 |
| Portugal | Francisco Adolfo Coelho | The Enchanted Slippers | 1879 |
| The Satin Slippers | 1882 | ||
| Zófimo Consiglieri Pedroso | The Vain Queen | ||
| Russia | Aleksandr N. Afanasiev | The Magic Mirror | |
| Spain | Manuel Milá y Fontanals | The Beautiful Stepdaughter | 1853 |
| Francesc Maspons i Labrós | 1872 | ||
| Romualdo Nogués y Milagros | The Good Daughter | 1886 | |
| Antoni Maria Alcover | Na Magraneta | ||
| Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Sr. | White Flower | 1924 | |
| The Jealous Mother | |||
| Aurelio de Llano Roza de Ampudia | The Jealous Stepmother | 1925 | |
| Aurelio Macedonio Espinosa Jr. | The Bad Stepmother | 1946 | |
| Whiteflower | 1987 | ||
| Switzerland | Johannes Jegerlehner | The Pretty Bird | 1908 |
| United States | Alcée Fortier | King Peacock | 1895 |
| Calvin Claudel | Snow Bella | 1942 | |
| Marie Campbell | A Stepdaughter That Was Treated Mighty Bad | 1956 |
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| "The Queen has poisoned Snow White," Schneewittchen (1910), Franz Jüttner (German, 1865-1925), Scholz' Künstler-Bilderbücher, Mainz, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons |
Story Beats/Motifs
- Queen wishes for a child
- Three drops of blood
- White as snow, red as blood, black as ebony
- Snow White
- Mother dies
- King
- Stepmother/Evil Queen
- Magic Mirror
- Jealousy
- Huntsman to kill Snow White
- Heart and liver as proof of death
- Huntsman lets Snow White live
- Huntsman kills boar for proof
- Cottage of the seven dwarves
- Snow White convinces them to let her stay
- Laces
- Poisoned comb
- Poisoned apple
- Glass coffin
- Prince
- Snow White revives
- Wedding
- Evil Queen is punished/killed
- Glowing hot shoes
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| "Schneewittchen," Märchen (1975), Alexander Zick (German, 1845 - 1907), Grot'scher Verlag, Berlin, Public doman, via Wikimedia Commons |
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